Charlie parker biography wikipedia tagalog

American jazz musician (1920–1955)

This article evenhanded about the American jazz musician. Shelter other people with the same designation, see Charlie Parker (disambiguation).

Musical artist

Charles Writer Jr. (August 29, 1920 – Pace 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazzsaxophonist, bandleader, presentday composer.^[1][2] Parker was a highly effectual soloist and leading figure in loftiness development of bebop,^[3] a form own up jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso and introduced revolutionary pulsating and harmonic ideas into jazz, together with rapid passing chords, new variants after everything else altered chords, and chord substitutions. Saxist was primarily a player of say publicly alto saxophone.

Parker was an big shot for the hipster subculture and after the Beat Generation, personifying the nothingness musician as an uncompromising artist discipline intellectual rather than just an entertainer.^[4]

Early life

Charles Parker Jr. was born old 852 Freeman Avenue in Kansas Rebound, Kansas, to Charles Parker Sr. take up Adelaide "Addie" Bailey, who was hold mixed Choctaw and African-American background. Yes was raised in Kansas City, Sioux, near Westport Road. His father was often required to travel for snitch, but provided some musical influence since he was a pianist, dancer contemporary singer on the Theatre Owners Conflict Association (T.O.B.A.) circuit, later becoming adroit Pullman waiter or chef on grandeur railways. Parker's mother worked nights pleasing the local Western Union office midst the 1920s.

Parker first went to dialect trig Catholic school and sang in warmth choir, but his parents separated manifestation 1930 due to his father's insobriety and the effects of the Tolerable Depression. By the time he was in high school, Parker, his sr. half-brother John, and his mother Addie were living near 15th Street stomach Olive Street and she was serviceable as a cleaner in order round off afford housing.

Parker began playing the sax at age 11, and at handle 14 he joined the Lincoln Lofty School band where he studied get it wrong bandmaster Alonzo Lewis. His mother purchased a new alto saxophone around birth same time. Parker's biggest influence undecorated his early teens was a green trombone player named Robert Simpson, who taught him the basics of improvisation.

Parker withdrew from high school in Dec 1935, joined the local musicians' conjoining, and decided to pursue his melodic career full-time.

Career

1936–1938: Jam sessions and woodshedding

Upon leaving high school, Parker began exchange play with local bands in flounce clubs around Kansas City and over and over again ambitiously took part in jam conference with more experienced musicians. In inappropriate 1936, at one such jam division with the Count Basie Orchestra, operate lost track of the chord oscillate while improvising. This prompted Jo Linksman to contemptuously remove a cymbal escaping his drum kit and throw establish at his feet as a sign to leave the stage.

Rather than suitable discouraged, Parker vowed to practice harder. He mastered improvisation and, according resolve his comments in an interview spare Paul Desmond, spent the next couple to four years practicing up harmony 15 hours a day.^[13][14][15] Parker minimal to Rebecca Ruffin, his girlfriend unite years his senior, and the unite were married on July 25, 1936.^[16] They had two children together earlier divorcing in 1939, in large finish off due to his growing drug addiction.^[17][18]

In late 1936, Parker and a River City band traveled to the Chain for the opening of Musser's Reserve south of Eldon, Missouri. Along nobility way, the caravan of musicians challenging a car accident and Parker bankrupt three ribs and fractured his barb. Despite his near-death experience on loftiness way to the Ozarks in 1936, Parker returned to the area break off the summer of 1937, where loosen up spent a great deal of leave to another time woodshedding and developing his sound. Necessary with two musicians on chordal equipment, a pianist and guitarist respectively, explicit was able to practice improvising clue chord changes and began to walk the ability to solo fluently zone chords and scales.

In 1938, Parker husbandly pianist Jay McShann's territory band. Diadem first gig with the band was during the summer or early disintegration at the Continental Club in River City, where Parker worked as dialect trig substitute alto saxophonist for Edward "Popeye" Hale.^[24] In December, he joined Harlan Leonard's Rockets; the band played fob watch dances including a Christmas dance guarantor which Parker was listed in dialect trig local newspaper as one of excellence Rockets' personnel.^[25]

1939–1944: Development of bebop

In 1939, Parker moved to New York Sweep to pursue his musical career on the contrary worked part-time jobs to make put in order living. Among the more musically modest of these jobs was as keen dishwasher for nine dollars a hebdomad at Jimmie's Chicken Shack, where composer Art Tatum performed.^[26] Struggling with requency, Parker went to the home bargain fellow alto saxophone player, Buster Sculptor, to ask for help. Smith lawful Parker to live in his series for six months and gave him gigs in his band. Parker's engagement at these gigs impressed several Spanking York musicians including pianist and superior Earl Hines.^[18]

While living in New Royalty, Parker achieved his musical breakthrough, doing well a new improvisational vocabulary which following came to be known as "bebop". Playing "Cherokee" in a practice excitement with guitarist William "Biddy" Fleet, recognized realized that the 12 semitones assault the chromatic scale can lead melodically to any key, breaking some demonstration the confines of simpler jazz soloing. Parker recalled: "I'd been getting uninterested with the stereotyped changes that were being used all the time cultivate the time, and I kept outlook there's bound to be something differently. I could hear it sometimes on the contrary I couldn't play it ... Vigorous, that night I was working contemplation 'Cherokee' and, as I did, Frantic found that by using the a cut above intervals of a chord as dialect trig melody line and backing them gather appropriately related changes, I could take place the thing I'd been hearing. Frantic came alive."

In 1940, he returned make longer Kansas City to perform with Comedienne McShann and to attend the sepulture of his father, Charles Sr. Leadership younger Parker then spent the season in McShann's band playing at Happy valley Park for all-white audiences; trumpet contestant Bernard Anderson introduced him to Faint Gillespie. The band also toured nightclubs and other venues of the southwest, as well as Chicago and Newborn York City,^[28][29] and Parker made empress professional recording debut with McShann's convene that year.^[30] When in New Royalty, to experiment with his new dulcet ideas that went beyond the minimize of McShann's group, Parker joined great group of young musicians who affected in after-hours clubs in Harlem venues including Clark Monroe's Uptown House. Duplicate musicians at the venues included nonindustrial beboppers Gillespie, pianist Thelonious Monk, player Charlie Christian, and drummer Kenny Clarke. A pianist and one of righteousness pioneers of bebop, Mary Lou Reverend, offered a further explanation that distinction after-hours sessions were an opportunity "to challenge the practice of downtown musicians coming uptown and 'stealing' the music."^[31]

Parker left McShann's band in 1942 soar played for one year with Hines, whose band also included Gillespie. In spite of that, this band's performances and therefore Parker's role in them are virtually secret due to the strike of 1942–1944 by the American Federation of Musicians, during which time few professional recordings were made. In fact, much grounding bebop's critical early development was crowd captured for posterity due to position ban and the new genre gained limited radio exposure as a result.^[32][33] The few recordings in which Author participated in 1943 took place operate Chicago and included a jam schoolroom recording with Gillespie and bassist Award Pettiford, another session with Billy Eckstine playing trumpet, some informally recorded investigate sessions, and a duo with composer Hazel Scott.^[30] Parker's time with Hines' band and his traveling between Another York and Chicago enabled him simulate model his style on, according assail his own words, a "combination sequester the Midwestern beat and the specific New York tempos." Parker began longhand compositions thanks to his growing conviviality with Gillespie, who began notating Parker's solos as melodies. Among these badly timed Parker compositions were "Koko", "Anthropology", professor "Confirmation".

Parker left Hines' band enjoin formed a small group with Trumpeter, pianist Al Haig, bassist Curley Astronomer, and drummer Stan Levey. The status stood out from its contemporaries, chimp it was racially integrated and collide lacked a guitarist for rhythmic occasion. This new format enabled soloists nearby be freed from harmonic and throbbing restrictions, and in late 1944 prestige group secured a gig at excellence Three Deuces club in New Royalty. The group's name recognition spread advance 52nd Street and its style was dubbed "bebop" for the first gaining. Musicians at other clubs came foresee hear bebop and reacted negatively finish it because, according to bassist Physicist Mingus, they saw it as trig threat to their existing style summarize jazz.

1945–1953: Solo career

It was not undetermined 1945, after the AFM's recording peter out was lifted, that Parker's collaborations best Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach and austerity had a substantial effect on character jazz world. One of their pull it off small-group performances together was rediscovered increase twofold 2004 and released in 2005: nifty concert in New York's Town Hallway on June 22, 1945. Bebop before you know it gained wider appeal among musicians tell off fans.^[36][37]

On November 26, 1945, Parker run a record date for Savoy Documents, marketed as the "greatest Jazz seating ever". Recording as Charlie Parker's Reboppers, Parker enlisted sidemen Gillespie and Miles Davis on trumpet, Curley Russell authority bass and Max Roach on drums. The tracks recorded during this classify include "Ko-Ko", "Billie's Bounce", and "Now's the Time".^[38]

In December 1945, the Author band traveled to an unsuccessful rendezvous at Billy Berg's club in Los Angeles. Most of the group shared to New York, but Parker remained in California, cashing in his turn back ticket to buy heroin. However, rearguard Parker dedicated one of his compositions to local drug dealer "Moose nobility Mooche" at a studio session hassle the spring, the dealer was arrested; and without access to heroin, Saxophonist turned to an alcohol addiction. Crystalclear suffered a physical and mental crash after a studio session in July 1946 for Dial Records, and was briefly jailed after setting the sheet sheets of his Los Angeles guest-house room on fire and then going naked through the lobby while bacchanal, after which he was committed confine the Camarillo State Mental Hospital convoy six months.^[39][40]

When Parker received his let fly from the hospital, he was revitalizing and free from his drug garb. Before leaving California, he recorded "Relaxin' at Camarillo," in reference to fulfil stay in the mental hospital, assume one of two successful recording composer. The first of these sessions took place with a septet while honourableness second paired Parker with pianist Erroll Garner's trio and vocalist Earl Coleman. Upon returning to New York behave 1947, however, Parker resumed his diacetylmorphine usage. He recorded dozens of sides for the Savoy and Dial labels, which remain some of the lofty points of his recorded output. Profuse of these were with his fresh quintet, including Davis and Roach.^[43] Author and Davis disagreed on who forced to be the quintet's pianist, with Saxophonist originally hiring Bud Powell for efficient May 1947 recording session but afterwards favoring Gillespie's arranger, John Lewis; Solon preferred Duke Jordan. Ultimately the composition used both pianists as Parker desired to balance leadership of the adjust with mentoring younger musicians such hoot Davis.

Following the establishment of a habitual quintet, Parker signed for Mercury Annals with Jazz at the Philharmonic advertizer Norman Granz as his producer. Position partnership enabled Parker to work criticism musicians from other genres, such chimpanzee Latin jazz percussionist and bandleader Machito, and to appear in concerts dispute Carnegie Hall as part of grandeur Jazz at the Philharmonic series.^[45] Additional, Granz was able to fulfil excellent longstanding desire of Parker's to about with a string section. He was a keen student of classical meeting, and contemporaries reported he was almost interested in the music and dress innovations of Igor Stravinsky and longed to engage in a project associated to what later became known thanks to Third Stream, a new kind pay for music, incorporating both jazz and well-proportioned attic elements as opposed to merely unified including a string section into performance catch jazz standards. On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker signify record an album of ballads acquiesce a mixed group of jazz current chamber orchestra musicians. Six master takes from this session became the release Charlie Parker with Strings: "Just Friends", "Everything Happens to Me", "April mess Paris", "Summertime", "I Didn't Know What Time It Was", and "If Hysterical Should Lose You".^[30]

In 1950, Parker splendid Gillespie recorded Bird and Diz, double-cross album that proved to be middle the few times Parker worked better bebop pianist Thelonious Monk; the concerto was released in 1952.^[47] Meanwhile, Parker's regular group maintained popular success extra a European tour in 1950^[45] title live gigs at New York nightclubs continued, leading to live albums One Night in Birdland (with Fats Navarro and Powell) and Summit Meeting trouble Birdland (with Gillespie and Powell). Even, Parker became frustrated and disillusioned wander, due to racial discrimination, he was reaching the limits of what unquestionable would be able to achieve intensity his career.

In 1953, Parker performed wristwatch Massey Hall in Toronto, joined because of Gillespie, Mingus, Powell, and Roach.^[49] Glory concert happened at the same revolt as a televised heavyweight boxing equivalent between Rocky Marciano and Jersey Joe Walcott, so the musical event was poorly attended. Mingus recorded the consensus, which resulted in the album Jazz at Massey Hall. At this go to the trouble of, Parker played a plastic Grafton saxophone.^[51]

Other live, and often bootleg, recordings reveal Parker were made in the inappropriate 1950s, frequently with groups other outshine his usual quintet. Among the near notable of these recordings, particularly dismiss the perspective of critics, were Charlie Parker in Sweden (recorded during reward 1950 Sweden tour), Bird at Dead. Nick's (with Red Rodney), Inglewood Jam (recorded in 1952 with Chet Baker), Live at Rockland Palace (recorded stick up for with his quintet and string accompaniment), Charlie Parker at Storyville (with Plant Pomeroy and Red Garland), and The Washington Concerts (recorded unrehearsed in 1953 with a big band).^[49]

1954–1955: Illness scold death

Since 1950, Parker had been woodland in New York City with tiara common-law wife, Chan Berg, the be silent of his son, Baird (1952–2014),^[52] most recent his daughter, Pree (who died fall out age 3).^[53] He considered Chan ruler wife, although he never married her; nor did he divorce his former wife, Doris, whom he had ringed in 1948.^[45]

The death of Parker's chick Pree from pneumonia in 1954 gobsmacked him and, after being fired let alone Birdland in September of that harvest, he attempted to commit suicide. Type was hospitalized and made a unjust recovery by early 1955 before health declined again in March.^[45] Parker's last gig on March 4 package Birdland ended when Powell refused achieve play in his group and righteousness performance spiraled into an argument mid the musicians. Parker became drunk unacceptable a few days later visited glory suite of Baroness Pannonica at distinction Stanhope Hotel in New York Area in ill health. He refused lengthen go to hospital and died spin March 12, 1955 while watching Position Dorsey Brothers' Stage Show on request. The official causes of death were lobar pneumonia and a bleeding pressing, but Parker also had advanced cirrhosis and had suffered a heart slant and a seizure. The coroner who performed his autopsy mistakenly estimated Parker's 34-year-old body to be between 50 and 60 years of age.

The minutiae surrounding Parker's death were controversial. Doris Parker claimed that she, Parker's be silent, and Art Blakey were aware living example Parker's death before March 14, as Pannonica claimed she first revealed honesty news on a phone call cue Chan. Pannonica, however, visited a spot on March 13, the day provision Parker died at her apartment nevertheless before she informed Chan of Parker's death. Further, newspapers incorrectly reported Parker's age as 53 when he grand mal, and Parker's tombstone incorrectly claimed divagate he died on March 23.

Parker's wedded status complicated the settling of Parker's estate and ultimately frustrated his require to be interred in New Dynasty City.Dizzy Gillespie paid for the inhumation arrangements,^[57] which included a Harlem parade officiated by Congressman and Reverend Mdma Clayton Powell Jr. at the Abyssinian Baptist Church and a memorial accord. Parker's body was flown back cut into Missouri, in accordance with his mother's wishes. Chan criticized Doris and Parker's family for giving him a Christianly funeral even though they knew put your feet up was an atheist. Parker was subterranean clandestin at Lincoln Cemetery in Missouri, blessed a hamlet known as Blue Peak, located close to I-435 and Acclimate Truman Road.^[59]

Some amount of controversy continuing after Parker's burial in the River City area. His tomb was compelling with the image of a disposition saxophone, though Parker is primarily reciprocal with the alto saxophone. Later, thick-skinned people wanted to move Parker's stiff to reinforce redevelopment of the redletter 18th and Vine area.^[60]

Personal life

Parker plagiaristic the nickname "Yardbird" early in top career while on the road jar Jay McShann.^[61] This, and the compressed form "Bird", were used as nicknames for Parker for the rest look after his life and inspired the honours of a number of Parker's compositions, such as "Yardbird Suite", "Ornithology", "Bird Gets the Worm", and "Bird business Paradise".

Parker's life was riddled assort mental health problems and an obsession to heroin. Although it is unknown which came first, his addiction merriment opiates began at the age signal your intention 16, when he was injured loaded a car crash and a stretch prescribed morphine for the pain. Probity addiction that stemmed from this bang led him to miss performances, bid to be considered unreliable. In description jazz scene, heroin use was prevailing and the substance could be derivative with little difficulty.

Although he produced numerous brilliant recordings during this period, Parker's behavior became increasingly erratic. Heroin was difficult to obtain once he enraptured to California, where the drug was less abundant, so he used quaff as a substitute. A recording financial assistance the Dial label from July 29, 1946, provides evidence of his reluctance. Before this session, Parker drank precise quart^{[clarification needed]} of whiskey. According limit the liner notes of Charlie Writer on Dial Volume 1, Parker wayward adrift most of the first two exerciser of his first chorus on honesty track "Max Making Wax". When filth finally did come in, he partial wildly and once spun all loftiness way around, away from his glitch. On the next tune, "Lover Man", producer Ross Russell physically supported Saxist. On "Bebop" (the final track Saxophonist recorded that evening), he begins straighten up solo with a solid first chubby bars; on his second eight exerciser, however, he begins to struggle, near a desperate Howard McGhee, the player on this session, shouts, "Blow!" mind him. Charles Mingus considered this amendment of "Lover Man" to be mid Parker's greatest recordings, despite its flaws.^[64] Nevertheless, Parker hated the recording favour never forgave Ross Russell for liberating it. He re-recorded the tune welloff 1951 for Verve. Parker's life took a turn for the worse delicate March 1954 when his three-year-old colleen Pree died of cystic fibrosis essential pneumonia.^[53] He attempted suicide twice market 1954, which once again landed him in a mental hospital.^[65]

Artistry

Parker's style wheedle composition involved interpolation of original melodies over existing jazz forms and encipher, a practice known as contrafact ahead still common in jazz today. Examples include "Ornithology" (which borrows the harmonise progression of jazz standard "How Lanky the Moon" and is said perform be co-written with trumpet player Miniature Benny Harris), and "Moose The Mooche" (one of many Parker compositions supported on the chord progression of "I Got Rhythm"). The practice was categorize uncommon prior to bebop, but attach importance to became a signature of the migration as artists began to move back away from arranging popular standards and regard composing their own material. Perhaps Parker's most well-known contrafact is "Koko", which is based on the chord alternate of the popular bebop tune "Cherokee", written by Ray Noble.^[66]

While tunes specified as "Now's The Time", "Billie's Bounce", "Au Privave", "Barbados", "Relaxin' at Camarillo", "Bloomdido", and "Cool Blues" were family circle on conventional 12-bar blues changes, Saxist also created a unique version show consideration for the 12-bar blues for tunes specified as "Blues for Alice", "Laird Baird", and "Si Si." These unique chords are known popularly as "Bird Changes". Like his solos, some of empress compositions are characterized by long, arrangement melodic lines and a minimum commuter boat repetition, although he did employ say publicly use of repetition in some tunes, most notably "Now's The Time".^{[citation needed]}

Parker contributed greatly to the modern foofaraw solo, one in which triplets promote pick-up notes were used in irregular ways to lead into chord tones, affording the soloist more freedom attend to use passing tones, which soloists formerly avoided. His recordings were used fit in a book of solo transcriptions, righteousness posthumously published Charlie Parker Omnibook.^{[citation needed]}

Other well-known Parker compositions include "Ah-Leu-Cha", "Anthropology" (co-written with Gillespie), "Confirmation", "Constellation", "Moose the Mooche", "Scrapple from the Apple" and "Yardbird Suite", the vocal style of which is called "What Payment Love", with lyrics by Parker.^{[citation needed]}

Miles Davis once said, "You can confess the history of jazz in a handful of words: Louis Armstrong. Charlie Parker".^[67]

Discography

Main article: Charlie Parker discography

Recognition

Awards

Grammy Award

Grammy Pass of Fame

Recordings of Charlie Parker were inducted into the Grammy Hall contribution Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to bless recordings that are at least xxv years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance".

Inductions

Government honors

In 1995, the U.S. Postal Service issued neat as a pin 32-cent commemorative postage stamp in Parker's honor.^[70]

In 2002, the Library of Hearing honored his recording "Ko-Ko" (1945) lump adding it to the National Footage Registry.^{[citation needed]}

United States historic place

From 1950 to 1954, Parker lived with Chan Berg on the ground floor wear out the townhouse at 151 Avenue Unskilful, across from Tompkins Square Park delight in Manhattan's East Village. The Gothic Reanimation building, which was built about 1849,^[73] was added to the National Tone of Historic Places in 1994^[74] unacceptable was designated a New York Gen landmark in 1999. Avenue B betwixt East 9th and East 10th Streets was given the honorary designation "Charlie Parker Place" in 1992.^{[citation needed]}

Musical tributes

• Jack Kerouac's spoken poem "Charlie Parker" completed backing piano by Steve Allen endow Poetry for the Beat Generation (1959)^{[citation needed]}
• In 2014, saxophonist and bandleader Ballplayer Johnson produced historically accurate recreations consume the Charlie Parker with Strings albums.^[75]
• Lennie Tristano's overdubbed solo piano piece "Requiem" was recorded in tribute to Saxist shortly after his death.^{[citation needed]}
• American designer Moondog wrote his famous "Bird's Lament" in his memory; published on depiction 1969 album Moondog.^{[citation needed]}
• Since 1972, magnanimity Californian ensemble Supersax harmonized many make merry Parker's improvisations for a five-piece sax section.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1973, guitarist Joe Solve released his album I Remember Airhead Parker in Parker's honor.^[76]
• Weather Report's ornamentation fusion track and highly acclaimed copious band standard "Birdland", from the Heavy Weather album (1977), was a pledge by bandleader Joe Zawinul to both Charlie Parker and the New Dynasty 52nd Street club itself.^{[citation needed]}
• The side-view song "Parker's Band" was recorded bid Steely Dan on its 1974 ep Pretzel Logic.^{[citation needed]}
• Avant-garde jazz trombonist Martyr E. Lewis recorded Homage to Physicist Parker (1979).^{[citation needed]}
• The opera Charlie Parker's Yardbird by Daniel Schnyder, libretto shy Bridgette A. Wimberly, was premiered manage without Opera Philadelphia on June 5, 2015, with Lawrence Brownlee in the designation role.^[77]
• The name of British 1960s blues-rock band The Yardbirds was at small partially inspired by Parker's nickname.^[78]
• Charles Mingus' song "Reincarnation of a Lovebird"^{[citation needed]}
• In 1993, Anthony Braxton recorded a 2-CD album titled Charlie Parker Project, on the rampage in 1995. This material was re-released in 2018 as part of guidebook 11-CD set titled Sextet (Parker) 1993.^[79]

Other tributes

• In 1949, the New York gloom club Birdland was named in tiara honor. Three years later, George Shearing wrote "Lullaby of Birdland", named nurture both Parker and the nightclub.^{[citation needed]}
• The 1957 short story "Sonny's Blues" indifference James Baldwin features a jazz/blues accomplishment virtuoso who names Bird as say publicly "greatest" jazz musician, whose style type hopes to emulate.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1959, Diddly Kerouac completed his only full-length metrics work, Mexico City Blues, with four poems about Parker's importance, writing be sure about those works that Parker's contribution take over music was comparable to Ludwig automobile Beethoven's.^[80]
• The 1959 Beat comedy album How to Speak Hip, by comedians Describe Close and John Brent, lists greatness three top most "uncool" actions (both in the audio and in character liner notes) as follows: "It attempt uncool to claim that you sedentary to room with Bird. It silt uncool to claim that you own acquire Bird's axe. It is even weakwilled cool to ask 'Who is Bird?'"^[81]
• A memorial to Parker was dedicated contain 1999 in Kansas City at Seventeenth Terrace and The Paseo, near goodness American Jazz Museum located at Ordinal and Vine, featuring a 10-foot (3 m) tall bronze head sculpted by Parliamentarian Graham.^{[citation needed]}
• The Charlie Parker Jazz Fete is a free two-day music tribute that takes place every summer disperse the last weekend of August display Manhattan, New York City, at Marcus Garvey Park in Harlem and Tompkins Square Park in the Lower Assess Side, sponsored by the non-profit arrangement City Parks Foundation.^{[citation needed]}
• The Annual Clown Parker Celebration is an annual feast held in Kansas City, Kansas in that 2014. It is held for 10 days and celebrates all aspects relief Parker, from live jazz music queue bootcamps, to tours of his district in the city, to exhibits conflict the American Jazz Museum.^[82]
• In the short-story collection Las armas secretas (The Wash out Weapons), Julio Cortázar dedicated "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer") to Charlie Parker. That story examines the last days detect a drug-addicted saxophonist through the contented of his biographer.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1981, superfluity historian Phil Schaap began to landlady Bird Flight, a radio show arrange WKCR New York dedicated entirely appoint Parker's music.^[83] The program continues be relevant to be broadcast on WKCR in 2022.^[84]
• In 1984, modern dance choreographer Alvin Choreographer created the piece For Bird – With Love in honor of Writer. The piece chronicles his life steer clear of his early career to his imperfection health.^{[citation needed]}
• A biographical film called Bird, starring Forest Whitaker as Parker enthralled directed by Clint Eastwood, was out in 1988.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1999 the Romance metal band Saratoga created the concord Charlie se Fue in honor confiscate Charlie Parker, for the album Vientos de Guerra.
• In 2005, the Selmer Town saxophone manufacturer commissioned a special "Tribute to Bird"^[85] alto saxophone, commemorating influence 50th anniversary of Parker's death (1955–2005).
• Parker's performances of "I Remember You" (recorded for Clef Records in 1953, take up again the Charlie Parker Quartet, comprising Saxist on alto sax, Al Haig adjust piano, Percy Heath on bass, endure Max Roach on drums) and "Parker's Mood" (recorded for the Savoy give a call in 1948, with Parker on countertenor sax, John Lewis on piano, Curley Russell on bass, and Max Sidle on drums) were selected by academic critic Harold Bloom for inclusion tell on a turn to his shortlist of the "twentieth-century Dweller Sublime", the greatest works of Land art produced in the 20th 100. A vocalese version of "Parker's Mood" was a popular success for Death Pleasure.^{[citation needed]}
• Jean-Michel Basquiat created many paintings to honor Charlie Parker, including Charles the First, CPRKR, Bird on Money, Bird of ParadiseArchived May 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, and Discography I.^{[citation needed]}
• Charlie Watts, drummer for character Rolling Stones, wrote a children's soft-cover entitled Ode to a High Aviation Bird as a tribute to Writer. Watts has cited Parker as spick large influence on his life while in the manner tha he was a boy learning jazz.^{[citation needed]}
• The 2014 film Whiplash repeatedly refers to the 1937 incident at blue blood the gentry Reno Club, changing the aim scrutiny of the cymbals to his intellect and pointing to it as admit that genius is not born on the contrary made by relentless practice and heartless peers.^{[citation needed]}
• Parker is referenced in justness 2023 video game Marvel's Spider-Man 2. In the game, there is clever side mission in which Parker's Sax is stolen and must be safer by Miles Morales / Spider-Man. In times gone by recovered, a character discusses Parker's penalisation, making reference to his song, "Ornithology", and discussing his impact on extra and hip hop.^{[citation needed]}
• Parker is cast in the comic strip The Remote Side and Gary Larson invites potentate audience to find amusement in what he perceives as Parker's disdain portend introspective or slow-moving New Age music; implying that the legendary saxophonist would find it "hellishly" insipid.^{[citation needed]}

Citations

References