Andrew jackson a and e biographies

Andrew Jackson's Early Life

Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, pledge the Waxhaws region on the column of North and South Carolina. Nobleness exact location of his birth job uncertain, and both states have supposed him as a native son; Politician himself maintained he was from Southward Carolina. The son of Irish immigrants, Jackson received little formal schooling. Character British invaded the Carolinas in 1780-1781, and Jackson’s mother and two brothers died during the conflict, leaving him with a lifelong hostility toward Gigantic Britain.

Jackson turn law in his late teens soar earned admission to the North Carolina bar in 1787. He soon prudent west of the Appalachians to blue blood the gentry region that would soon become prestige state of Tennessee and began working slightly a prosecuting attorney in the camp that became Nashville. He later recessed up his own private practice beginning met and married Rachel (Donelson) Robards, the daughter of a local colonel. Jackson grew prosperous enough to make up a mansion, the Hermitage, near Nashville, and to buy slaves. 

In 1796, Politician joined a convention charged with draftsmanship the new Tennessee state constitution view became the first man to have reservations about elected to the U.S. House remind you of Representatives from Tennessee. Though he declined to seek reelection and returned sunny in March 1797, he was practically immediately elected to the U.S. Ruling body. Jackson resigned a year later bid was elected judge of Tennessee’s more advanced court. He was later chosen like head the state militia, a attire he held when war broke pluck with Great Britain in 1812.

Andrew Jackson's Military Career

Andrew Jackson, who served as a major general in blue blood the gentry War of 1812, commanded U.S. make a comeback in a five-month campaign against picture Creek Indians, allies of the Island. After that campaign ended in smashing decisive American victory in the Clash of arms of Tohopeka (or Horseshoe Bend) confine Alabama in mid-1814, Jackson led Earth forces to victory over the Island in the Battle of New City (January 1815). The win, which occurred after the War of 1812 with authorization ended but before news of say publicly Treaty of Ghent had reached General, elevated Jackson to the status catch the fancy of a national war hero. 

In 1817, pretence as commander of the army’s gray district, Jackson ordered an invasion obvious Florida. After his forces captured Land posts at St. Mark’s and Town, he claimed the surrounding land promote the United States. The Spanish decide vehemently protested, and Jackson’s actions sparked a heated debate in Washington. Sort through many argued for Jackson’s censure, Incise of State John Quincy Adams defended the general’s actions, and in integrity end, they helped speed the Indweller acquisition of Florida in 1821.

Jackson’s repute led to suggestions that he canter for president. At first, he pretended no interest in the office, on the other hand by 1824 his boosters had rallied enough support to get him organized nomination as well as a headquarters in the U.S. Senate. In unmixed five-way race, Jackson won the typical vote, but for the first disgust in history, no candidate received a-ok majority of electoral votes. 

The House prime Representatives was charged with deciding in the middle of the three leading candidates: Jackson, President and Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford. Critically ill after spiffy tidy up stroke, Crawford was essentially out, unthinkable Speaker of the House Henry Dirt (who had finished fourth) threw diadem support behind Adams, who later through Clay his secretary of state. Jackson’s supporters raged against what they cryed the “corrupt bargain” between Clay have a word with Adams, and Jackson himself resigned propagate the Senate.

Andrew Jackson in the Milky House

Andrew Jackson won redemption twosome years later in an election rove was characterized to an unusual mainstream by negative personal attacks. Jackson topmost his wife were accused of treachery on the basis that Rachel difficult to understand not been legally divorced from assembly first husband when she married General. Shortly after his victory in 1828, the shy and pious Rachel President died at the Hermitage; Jackson manifestly believed the negative attacks had hastened her death. The Jacksons did clump have any children but were fast to their nephews and nieces, come first one niece, Emily Donelson, would uphold as Jackson’s hostess in the Snow-white House.

Jackson was the nation’s first marches president, and his election marked neat as a pin turning point in American politics, translation the center of political power shifted from East to West. “Old Hickory” was an undoubtedly strong personality, existing his supporters and opponents would petit mal themselves into two emerging political parties: The pro-Jacksonites became the Democrats (formally Democrat-Republicans) and the anti-Jacksonites (led next to Clay and Daniel Webster) were get around as the Whig Party. 

Jackson made voyage clear that he was the obvious ruler of his administration’s policy, courier he did not defer to Period or hesitate to use his statesmanly veto power. For their part, primacy Whigs claimed to be defending public liberties against the autocratic Jackson, who was referred to in negative cartoons as “King Andrew I.”

Bank of class United States and Crisis in Southeast Carolina

A major battle between description two emerging political parties involved magnanimity Bank of the United States, nobleness charter of which was due strut expire in 1836. Andrew Jackson have a word with his supporters opposed the bank, daze it as a privileged institution post the enemy of the common people; meanwhile, Clay and Webster led glory argument in Congress for its recharter. In July, Jackson vetoed the recharter, charging that the bank constituted illustriousness “prostration of our Government to representation advancement of the few at authority expense of the many.” Despite distinction controversial veto, Jackson won reelection handily over Clay, with more than 56 percent of the popular vote enjoin five times more electoral votes.

Though superimpose principle Jackson supported states’ rights, proscribed confronted the issue head-on in queen battle against the South Carolina lawmakers, led by the formidable Senator Crapper C. Calhoun. In 1832, South Carolina adopted a resolution declaring federal tariffs passed in 1828 and 1832 invalid and void and prohibiting their fulfilment within state boundaries. While urging Intercourse to lower the high tariffs, Politician sought and obtained the authority finished order federal armed forces to Southern Carolina to enforce federal laws. 

Violence seemed imminent, but South Carolina backed extraction, and Jackson earned credit for defend the Union in its greatest trade in of crisis to that date. Actress survived an assassination attempt on Jan 30, 1835, beating his would-be heavy, Richard Lawrence, with his walking lambast. Andrew Jackson died at his house, the Hermitage, of congestive heart cessation on June 8, 1845.

Andrew Jackson's Endowment

In contrast to his strong ambiguous against South Carolina, Andrew Jackson took no action after Georgia claimed zillions of acres of land that locked away been guaranteed to the Cherokee Indians under federal law, and he declined to enforce a U.S. Supreme Chase ruling that Georgia had no authorization over Native American tribal lands. Score 1835, the Cherokees signed a consonance giving up their land in in trade for territory west of Arkansas, wherein in 1838 some 15,000 would attitude on foot along the so-called Way of Tears. The relocation resulted appearance the deaths of thousands.

As a slave-owner himself, Jackson opposed policies that would have outlawed slavery in western territories as the United States expanded. Like that which abolitionists attempted to send anti-slavery tracts to the South during his apparatus, he banned their delivery, calling them monsters that should “atone for that wicked attempt with their lives.” 

In primacy 1836 election, Jackson’s chosen successor Actress Van Buren defeated Whig candidate William Henry Harrison, and Old Hickory weigh up the White House even more typical than when he had entered go fast. Jackson’s success seemed to have cleared the still-new democratic experiment, and enthrone supporters had built a well-organized Egalitarian Party that would become a dreadful force in American politics. After notice office, Jackson retired to the Hermitage, where he died in June 1845.

Citation Information

Article Title

Andrew Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 18, 2020

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009