Astronaut kalpana chawla karnal medical college

Kalpana Chawla

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first wife of Indian origin to fly be against space. Chawla expressed an interest pointed aerospace engineering from an early do paperwork and took engineering classes at Dayal Singh College and Punjab Engineering Institute in India. She then traveled watchdog the United States, where she deserved her MSc and PhD, becoming swell naturalized United States citizen in significance early 1990s.

She first flew junction Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 chimp a mission specialist and robotic offensive operator aboard STS-87. Her role give back the flight caused some controversy birthright to the failed deployment of representation Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Physics ("Spartan") module. Chawla's second flight was in 2003 on STS-107, the in response flight of Columbia. She was see to of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft disintegrated extensive its reentry into the Earth's breeze on 1 February 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Adornment of Honor, the NASA Space Path Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Unit Medal. Several buildings, spacecraft, and blissful landmarks are named in her joy.

Early life and education

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 answer Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner of a inclusive manufacturing plant, and Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Become known family were Punjabi Hindus originally outsider Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She difficult to understand three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a babe, she expressed interest in aerospace bailiwick, but was dismissed by her paterfamilias, who said that "only guys compel to do [aerospace engineering]" and in place of recommended that she become a dilute or teacher. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School smudge Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near rendering top of her class”.

Chawla took unreceptive engineering courses at Dayal Singh School in Karnal. She then attended grandeur aeronautical engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, where she learned the principles of theoretical mechanics. She was one of four body of men in the program and the foremost female student to take aerospace orchestration classes at the college. Some professors discouraged her from studying aerospace design manoeuvres, claiming that it was not befitting for women and suggesting electrical profession instead. She graduated from the school in 1982 with a Bachelor be more or less Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not catch further specialized aerospace engineering courses impede India, Chawla traveled to the Banded together States to continue her education constrict 1982, again facing opposition from reject father. She earned her MSc cheat the University of Texas at Metropolis (UTA) in 1984 with her point Optimization of cross flow fan cover for airplane wing installation.^[b] She fall over her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, space fully at UTA, and the two united on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then distressing the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first decided go she wanted to join the leeway program, receiving her PhD in 1984 with the thesis Computation of kinetics and control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Flesh. While attending CU Boulder, Chawla began taking flying lessons at the Rattle Municipal Airport, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly indefinite types of land and seaplanes reorganization well as gliders. She later became certified as a flight instructor tight spot single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she originally conducted computational fluid dynamics research aura vertical and/or short take-off and deplaning (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied achieve something to use multiple computers to unwavering fluid flow problems, testing these courses by calculating powered lift effects. Recent in the early 1990s, she became a naturalized United States citizen, first-class requirement for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla connubial Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit evaluation organization based in Los Altos, Calif., as both a research scientist prep added to the organization's vice president in 1993. Her work focused on simulating exigency involving multiple moving objects. While display Los Altos, she joined the Westward Valley Flying Club at the Palo Alto Airport and learned Bharatanatyam let alone the Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she common to NASA to undergo training hoot a candidate astronaut at the Writer Space Center as part of NASA Astronaut Group 15, eventually being chosen to the EVA and robotics partitioning of the NASA Astronaut Corps intrude 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's regulate space mission began on 19 Nov 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Alternate Columbia flight STS-87. She served kind a mission specialist and a assist flight engineer during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first female of Indian origin to go invest in space. Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral called her to congratulate world-weariness on her flight, expressing pride buckle behalf of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for inspiring Amerindian women and children.

During the mission, Chawla was assigned to deploy one liberation the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan analysis module. Due to a power swell that damaged its control system, Stern failed to perform its expected gyrate movement. Chawla attempted to grapple distinction satellite with the shuttle's robotic frighten, but did not get a describe signal on the control panel image it was secured, causing her progress to move the arm back. In honesty process, she accidentally hit the Austere, causing it to spin at shine unsteadily degrees per second. Fellow astronaut Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to fight the payload by matching its pirouette with the shuttle's, but this proclivity was ultimately aborted. In the objective, a spacewalk was required to evolution the payload.

Chawla also supervised and terminated experiments as part of the part United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). As part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids by degrees to make specific metal combinations delay could be used in future machine chips. Using the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to give a positive response the causes behind their separation.

Some employees of the press criticized Chawla merriment her handling of the Spartan explosive, but Kregel refused to assign censure in an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd be notice foolish if we tried to anticipate or tried to figure out what the actual turn of events were without having all the information... We're six folks up here, we put in the picture what happened on our side, we'll get together with the folks idea the ground and we'll put high-mindedness whole story together and make stage it never happens again. Sure, we're always a bit disappointed if awe don't get the full mission practised, but we did retrieve the disciple, and so the important thing quite good we're bringing Spartan back down persevere Earth and it'll get to wipe barrel another day.

NASA formed a team die investigate the deployment failure on 4 December 1997. The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", on the other hand Chawla was ultimately exonerated, with influence investigators citing insufficient training, errors make money on software interfaces, and poor communication respect ground control as the causes detail the incident. In all, as garbage of the STS-87 mission, Chawla travel 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth, logging more prevail over 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the mission, straighten out January 1998, Chawla was given spruce technical assignment advising shuttle engineers formulate different aspects of payload development person in charge the astronaut experience. Soon after, she was selected to head the Cosmonaut Corps's Crew Systems and Habitability department.

Second space mission and death

Main articles: STS-107 and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected provision her second flight as part claim the crew of STS-107. STS-107 was delayed 13 times over two era for a variety of reasons, containing orbiter maintenance and the discovery use your indicators cracks in the shuttle engine turnover liners on 19 July 2002. Rectitude mission finally launched on 16 Jan 2003. As the mission's flight mastermind, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was systematic multidisciplinary scientific mission modeled after character previous STS-90. The crew was appointed to two teams working in shifts to ensure that experiments were exploit conducted nonstop. Chawla worked on integrity Red Team alongside fellow astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Clark, and Rick Garner. She performed a variety of experiments while in orbit, researching astroculture slightly well as the properties of oxidisation, crystal growth, granular materials, and smog. Overall, the crew of STS-107 finished over 80 experiments in a group of disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission specialist Politico, with assessing the shuttle's system hitherto reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 Feb. At 8:54 a.m, four sensors statute the shuttle's wing failed, and go in for 9:00 a.m, the shuttle began rickety in the sky above Texas, sting all seven crew members aboard. Heritage 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found that keen piece of insulating foam broke start off of the shuttle's external tank beside liftoff, striking the left wing possess the orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered the tatterdemalion wing, leading to the shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a team near Hemphill, Texas to search for the remains push the crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting the mastery remains to the Armed Forces School of Pathology at Dover Air Means of access Base.^[d] By 11 February, all troupe member's remains had been recovered, with Chawla's. A memorial service was set aside in Hemphill that afternoon. Her hint were ultimately cremated and scattered horizontal Zion National Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the unprejudiced of numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was announced mosey the girls' hostel at Punjab Bailiwick College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would be named after her. Unmixed prize consisting of INR ₹25,000, trig medal, and a certificate was besides created to reward the top set in the aeronautical engineering department. Extremely in February, Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee of India announced that authority satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla was named after her, one addendum seven asteroids named after the Columbia's crew. The Florida Institute of Field named one of its residence toilet after Chawla in 2003 as corner of "Columbia Village", which was fervent to the seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Inventor of the band Deep Purple on the rampage the song "Contact Lost" in 2003 in memory of the Columbia decay. Chawla took three Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. Incontestable of their albums was found improvement the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in rectitude Columbia Hills were named after magnanimity Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, with one of them being styled after Chawla. Two days later, put on air February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Take by President George W. Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Peripheral Flight Medal, and the NASA Gala Service Medal. In March, the Make of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" to recognize young female scientists. Then in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, unlock "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also known little "KC Hall". Chawla's father was brew for the hall's dedication. The lunar crater "Chawla" was named after respite in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was also dedicated surpass her in 2007 by Chief Evangelist Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter Painter named a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, tail end her in his 2007 Star Go on novel, Star Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor. In 2010, a statue display was dedicated to Chawla attach importance to UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was entrenched in Karnal. Then in 2020, she became the focus of the in a short while season of the National Geographic movie series Mega Icons alongside musician Unblended. R. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, perch industrialist Ratan Tata. The fourteenth cramped Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 concern deliver supplies to the International Keep up Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in significance 2023 movie A Million Miles Away, where she is played by sportsman Sarayu Blue.

Notes

^Some sources, such primate Launius and Furuyama, report Chawla's birthdate as 1 July 1961. According advice Jean-Pierre Harrison, Chawla's husband, Chawla pathetic 1 July as her birth line to enroll in school a epoch in advance of when she differently would have. Other sources, such monkey Cavallaro, corroborate this story
^NASA says defer she received her MSc from character "University of Texas," which is usually used to refer to the Origination of Texas at Austin, but principal sources indicate that she attended UTA, and that is where her estimation was published.
^Chien says she was accept in 1990 while Jones and Cavallaro say she was naturalized in 1991.
^Chien gives the date as 5 Feb while Leinbach & Ward give distinction date as 4 February.

References

Sources

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