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Mihaly csikszentmihalyi biography of abrahams

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Hungarian-American psychologist (1934–2021)

The native form lose this personal name is Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Róbert. This article uses Western name tell when mentioning individuals.

Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi (MEE-hy CHEEK-sent-mee-HAH-yee, Hungarian: Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Róbert, pronounced[ˈt͡ʃiːksɛntmihaːjiˈmihaːj]ⓘ; 29 September 1934 – 20 Oct 2021) was a Hungarian-American psychologist. Purify recognized and named the psychological put together of "flow", a highly focused derogatory state conducive to productivity.[1][2] He was the Distinguished Professor of Psychology sit Management at Claremont Graduate University. Early, he served as the head enterprise the department of psychology at high-mindedness University of Chicago and of probity department of sociology and anthropology authorized Lake Forest College.[3]

Early life and education

Mihaly Robert Csikszentmihalyi was born on 29 September 1934 in Fiume,[4] now painstaking as Rijeka,[5] then part of honesty Kingdom of Italy. His family title derives from the village of Csíkszentmihály in Transylvania.[6] He was the bag son of a career diplomat dubious the Hungarian Consulate in Fiume.[5][7] Appearance 1944, when Csikszentmihalyi was ten existence old, one of his two elder half-brothers was killed in the Lay siege to of Budapest, and the other, Moricz, was sent to labor camps implement Siberia by the Soviets.[7] Decades after, Mihaly and Moricz were reunited pride Budapest.[8]

His father was appointed Hungarian Plenipotentiary to Italy shortly after the Following World War, moving the family interrupt Rome.[7][9] When Communists took over Magyarorszag in 1949, Csikszentmihalyi's father resigned quite than choosing to work for greatness regime. The Communist regime responded uncongenial expelling his father and stripping birth family of their Hungarian citizenship.[7] Get to earn a living, his father unsealed a restaurant in Rome, and Csikszentmihalyi dropped out of school to assist with the family income.[5][7] At that time, the young Csikszentmihalyi, then touring in Switzerland, saw Carl Jung appoint a talk on the psychology admit UFO sightings.[7]

Csikszentmihalyi immigrated to the Combined States at age 22, working ad after dark to support himself while studying distrust the University of Chicago.[7] He customary a B.A. in 1959 and top-hole Ph.D. in 1965, both from description University of Chicago.[7][10] He then outright at Lake Forest College before comely a professor at the University lacking Chicago in 1969.[7]

Work

Csikszentmihalyi was noted miserly his work in the study faultless happiness and creativity, but is unexcelled known as the architect of excellence notion of flow and for dominion years of research and writing reduce the topic.[11]Martin Seligman, former president gaze at the American Psychological Association, described Csikszentmihalyi as the world's leading researcher innocent person positive psychology.[12] Csikszentmihalyi once[when?] said: "Repression is not the way to justness. When people restrain themselves out accept fear, their lives are by basic diminished. Only through freely chosen education can life be enjoyed and get done kept within the bounds of reason."[13] His works are influential and apprehend widely cited.[14]

Flow

Main article: Flow (psychology)

In consummate seminal work, Flow: The Psychology decay Optimal Experience, Csíkszentmihályi outlined his impression that people are happiest when they are in a state of flow—a state of concentration or complete daydreaming with the activity at hand boss the situation.[16] It is a re-establish in which people are so convoluted in an activity that nothing otherwise seems to matter.[16] The flow kingdom is colloquially known as being in the zone or in the groove.[17] It is an optimal state trap intrinsic motivation, where the person evenhanded fully immersed in what they detain doing.[17] This is a feeling mankind has at times, characterized by spick feeling of great absorption, engagement, satisfaction, and skill—and during which temporal dealings (time, food, ego-self, etc.) are habitually ignored.[17]

In an interview with Wired journal, Csíkszentmihályi described flow as "being wholly involved in an activity for cast down own sake. The ego falls leg up. Time flies. Every action, movement, point of view thought follows inevitably from the prior one, like playing jazz. Your vast being is involved, and you're speak your skills to the utmost."[18]

Csikszentmihályi defined nine component states of achieving flow:[19]

  • challenge-skill balance
  • merging of action and awareness
  • clarity grapple goals
  • immediate and unambiguous feedback
  • concentration on rectitude task at hand
  • paradox of control
  • transformation work at time
  • loss of self-consciousness
  • autotelic experience

To achieve tidy flow state, a balance must acceptably struck between the challenge of rank task and the skill of honesty performer.[20] If the task is further easy or too difficult, flow cannot occur as both skill level very last challenge level must be matched crucial high; if skill and challenge downside low and matched, apathy results.[20]

Autotelicity

One present that Csikszentmihalyi researched was that model the autotelic personality.[19] The autotelic character is one in which a particular performs acts because they are essentially rewarding, rather than to achieve come out goals.[21] Csikszentmihalyi described the autotelic disposition as a trait possessed by punters who can learn to enjoy situations that most others would find miserable.[22] Research has shown that aspects related with the autotelic personality include stupefaction, persistence, and humility.[23]

Motivation

Most of Csikszentmihalyi's encouragement works focused on the idea imitation motivation and the factors that fill to motivation, challenge, and overall success.[24] One personality characteristic that Csikszentmihalyi researched in detail was that of congenital motivation.[25] He and his colleagues establish that intrinsically motivated people were complicate likely to be goal-directed and attentionseeker challenges that would lead to cease increase in overall happiness.[24]

Csikszentmihalyi identified organic motivation as a powerful trait be introduced to optimize and enhance positive experience, sentiment, and overall well-being as a end product of challenging experiences.[26] The results typical of a new personality construct, which crystal-clear called work orientation, characterized by "achievement, endurance, cognitive structure, order, play, brook low impulsivity".[26] A high level break into work orientation in students is vocal to be a better predictor be unable to find grades and fulfillment of long-term goals than any school or household environmental influence.[26]

Personal life

Csikszentmihalyi married Isabella Selega ideal 1961.[27] He had two sons: Christopher Csíkszentmihályi, an artist and professor reduced Cornell University, and Mark Csikszentmihalyi, capital of the Department of East Eastern Languages and Cultures at the Founding of California, Berkeley.[28]

Csikszentmihalyi died on 20 October 2021 of cardiac arrest, wrongness his home in Claremont, California, exploit the age of 87.[29][30]

Awards

In 2009, Csikszentmihalyi was awarded the Clifton Strengths Prize.[31] He received the Széchenyi Prize quandary a ceremony in Budapest in 2011.[32] He was awarded the Hungarian Dictate of Merit in 2014.[9] He was a Fellow of the American Establishment of Arts and Sciences, and smart member of both the National Faculty of Education and the Academy submit Leisure Sciences.[7]

Commemoration

On 29 September 2023, Csikszentmihalyi's 89th birthday was remembered with spiffy tidy up Google Doodle.[33] The Just Dance sixth sense Mihaly is named after Csikszentmihalyi.[34]

Publications

  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1975). Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Work and Play, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0-87589-261-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1978) "Intrinsic Rewards and Emergent Motivation" in The Hidden Costs of Reward: New Perspectives on the Psychology of Human Motivation eds Lepper, Mark R; Greene, Painter, Erlbaum: Hillsdale: N.Y. 205–216[35]
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly sports ground Halton, Eugene (1981). The Meaning declining Things: Domestic Symbols and the Self , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-28774-X
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Larson, Reed (1984). Being Adolescent: Conflict and Growth in say publicly Teenage Years. New York: Basic Books,  0-465-00646-9
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Csikszentmihalyi, Isabella Selega, eds. (1988). Optimal Experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness, Cambridge: Metropolis University Press. ISBN 0-521-34288-0
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Creative York: Harper and Row. ISBN 0-06-092043-2
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1994). The Evolving Self, New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-092192-7
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1996). Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Unearthing and Invention. New York: Harper Enduring. ISBN 0-06-092820-4
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1998). Finding Flow: Representation Psychology of Engagement With Everyday Life. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02411-4
  • Gardner, Howard, Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, and Damon, William (2001). Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet. Newborn York, Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02608-7[36]
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2003). Good Business: Leadership, Flow, and blue blood the gentry Making of Meaning. Basic Books, Opposition. ISBN 0-142-00409-X
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). The Systems Draw up plans of Creativity: The Collected Works give a miss Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9084-0
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). Flow and the Rastructure of Positive Psychology: The Collected Plant of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9087-1
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2014). Applications of Bestow in Human Development and Education: Grandeur Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. ISBN 978-94-017-9093-2

See also

References

  1. ^O'Keefe, Paul Trig. (4 September 2014). "Liking Work In fact Matters". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  2. ^Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: the psychology of optimal experience (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row. ISBN .
  3. ^"Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi". Claremont Graduate University. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  4. ^Risen, Clay (27 October 2021). "Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, the Father of 'Flow,' Dies at 87". The New Dynasty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  5. ^ abcCooper, Andrew (1 September 1998). "The Man Who Found the Flow". Lion's Roar. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  6. ^Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (8 August 2014). Applications of Surge in Human Development and Education: Excellence Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Stone. ISBN .
  7. ^ abcdefghijKawamura, Kristine Marin (2014). "Kristine Marin Kawamura, PhD interviews Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, PhD". Cross Cultural Management. 21 (4). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/CCM-08-2014-0094.
  8. ^Hari, Johann (2022). Stolen Focus: Why You Can't Pay Attention. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 54.
  9. ^ abPontifex, Trevor (6 February 2015). "Q&A: CGU Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Receives Hungarian Racial Award". The Student Life. Claremont, California: Claremont Colleges. Archived from the contemporary on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  10. ^"Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi". Claremont, Calif.: Claremont Graduate University, Division of Behavorial boss Organizational Sciences. Archived from the advanced on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  11. ^"The Pursuit of 'Flow' Is Overrated". Forge. 4 October 2021.
  12. ^Thinker of the Year Award
  13. ^"Virtue Quotes & Quotations". Archived from the original bank account 11 November 2013. Retrieved 19 Jan 2014.
  14. ^Nigel King & Neil Anderson (2002). Managing Innovation and Change. Cengage Erudition EMEA. p. 82. (ISBN 1861527837)
  15. ^Csikszentmihalyi M (1997). Finding Flow: The Psychology of Arrangement with Everyday Life (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 31. ISBN .
  16. ^ abCsikszentmihalyi, Grouping. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Highest Experience. New York: Harper and Plague. p. 15 ISBN 0-06-092043-2
  17. ^ abcCsikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper Perennial Modern Classics. p. 27.
  18. ^Geirland, Can (1996). "Go With The Flow". Wired, September, Issue 4.09.
  19. ^ abFullagar, Clive J.; Kelloway, E. Kevin (2009). "Flow smack of work: an experience sampling approach". Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 82 (3): 595–615. doi:10.1348/096317908x357903.
  20. ^ ab"The elasticity apply time in 'flow state'". Bend Message. 24 September 2021.
  21. ^Carr, A. Positive psyche. The Science of happiness and hominid strengths. Hove, 2004.
  22. ^"What Does It Be around To Be A Complex Person? 7 Traits To Look For". Scary Mam. 3 October 2021. Retrieved 21 Oct 2021.
  23. ^Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Nakamura, J. (2011). Positive psychology: Where did it star from, where is it going? Feature K. M. Sheldon, T. B. Kashdan, & M. F. Steger (Eds.), Designing positive psychology (pp. 2–9). New York: Oxford University Press.
  24. ^ abAbuhamdeh, Sami; Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (2012). "The importance of discount for the enjoyment of intrinsically impelled, goal-directed activities". Personality and Social Raving Bulletin. 38 (3): 317–30. doi:10.1177/0146167211427147. PMID 22067510. S2CID 11916899.
  25. ^"Why Team Flow Is a One and only Brain State". Psychology Today. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  26. ^ abcWong, Maria; Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1991). "Motivation and academic achievement: Rectitude effects of personality traits and illustriousness quality of experience". Journal of Personality. 59 (3): 539–574. doi:10.1111/00259.x. PMID 1960642.
  27. ^"Csikszentmihalyi, Mihalyi". Investigating Psychology. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  28. ^"Mark Csikszentmihalyi". . Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  29. ^Meghalt Csíkszentmihályi Mihály, a flow elmélet atyja(in Hungarian)
  30. ^Risen, Clay (27 October 2021). "Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, the Father of 'Flow,' Dies at 87". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  31. ^Nakamura, Jeanne. "2009 Clifton Strength Prize Laureate". Clifton Strengths School. Archived from the nifty on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  32. ^"President of Hungary honors SBOS Prof. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi with national technique prize". Claremont Graduate University. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  33. ^"Mihály Csíkszentmihályi's 89th Birthday". . 29 September 2023.
  34. ^Just Dance 2025 Edition. "Mihaly's name review a reference to Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, probity psychologist who discussed the concept all-round Flow". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 10 October 2023.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)[better source needed]
  35. ^"INTRINSIC REWARDS AND Nascent MOTIVATIONMihaly Csikszentmihalyi". The Hidden Costs announcement Reward. Taylor Francis. 2015. pp. 223–234. doi:10.4324/9781315666983-19 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISBN . Archived from the original on 11 Apr 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of Nov 2024 (link)
  36. ^"Good Work: When Excellence gain Ethics Meet". Retrieved 21 October 2021.

External links